Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and prone to fractures. It develops gradually, often without noticeable symptoms, until a fracture occurs. As bone density decreases, mild stresses like bending or minor falls can lead to serious injuries. The most affected areas are the spine, hip, and wrist, which are critical for mobility and balance.-This condition occurs when the body loses more bone mass than it can replace, leading to porous and brittle bones. While osteoporosis can affect anyone, it is most common among older adults, particularly postmenopausal women. However, the right lifestyle choices, diet, and preventive measures can slow bone loss and maintain strong, healthy bones.-What is Osteoporosis?Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease where bones lose their density over time. In a healthy person, bones go through a continuous cycle of breakdown and renewal, ensuring that lost bone is replaced with new tissue. However, osteoporosis disrupts this balance, causing more bone loss than formation. As a net result, there are weaker bones, which become brittle and more prone to fractures.-Osteoporosis causes fractures in the hip, spine, and wrist, which are crucial for stability and movement. In severe cases, even simple movements such as bending over or minor falls can cause fractures. Since osteoporosis progresses without symptoms in its early stages, many people do not realize they have the condition until a bone breaks.-Who Does Osteoporosis Affect?In general, osteoporosis can affect anyone, but some individuals are more at risk than others. Women who are at the postmenopausal stage are at the highest risk due to the sharp decline in estrogen, a female hormone essential for maintaining bone density. Studies have also shown that osteoporosis is more common in Caucasian and Asian women , particularly those who are one to two years past menopause.-While osteoporosis is more prevalent in older women, men can also develop the condition. Aging naturally reduces bone density, making older adults in general more vulnerable. Those with a family history of osteoporosis, poor dietary habits, or a sedentary lifestyle are also at greater risk.-Symptoms of OsteoporosisOsteoporosis is often called a “silent disease” because it develops without any apparent symptoms. Many people are unaware they have it until they experience a fracture. However, there are subtle signs that may indicate weakening bones.-One early sign of osteoporosis is an unexpected bone fracture from a minor fall or simple movements like twisting, bending, or lifting a light object. These movements typically don’t cause much harm to healthy bones. As the disease progresses and worsens, a gradual loss of height may become noticeable due to weakened vertebrae collapsing, resulting in a shorter stature over time.-Patients might also notice postural changes, such as a stooped or hunched back, develop as the spinal bones become too fragile to maintain proper alignment, leading to kyphosis(a forward-leaning posture). This curvature can affect appearance and cause chronic back pain. In more severe cases, spinal compression reduces lung capacity, resulting in shortness of breath and decreased endurance, making daily activities more challenging.-Osteopenia vs OsteoporosisOsteopenia and osteoporosis both involve a decline in bone density but differ in severity.-Osteopenia occurs when bone mineral density is lower than average for a person’s age but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. At this stage, bones are weaker than usual but are not fragile enough to break easily. Without intervention, osteopenia can progress to osteoporosis over time.-One way to understand osteopenia is by comparing bone structure to a honeycomb. In healthy bones, the holes in this structure are small and compact. In osteopenia, the holes begin to enlarge, weakening the overall structure. Osteoporosis takes this process further, making the holes even larger, significantly increasing the risk of fractures.-The Osteoporosis Diet: What to EatA well-balanced, bone-friendly diet prevents osteoporosis and slows bone loss. Consuming adequate calcium, vitamin D, and other essential nutrients that support bone regeneration and density is the key to maintaining strong bones.-Dairy Products: A Reliable Source of Calcium and Vitamin DMilk, cheese and yogurt are among the best sources of calcium, a mineral that forms the structural component of bones. Calcium is continuously lost through natural processes, so replenishing it daily is essential to prevent bone thinning. Vitamin D, also found in fortified dairy products, aids calcium absorption, ensuring the body can effectively utilize it to strengthen bones. Without enough vitamin D, calcium absorption becomes less effective, increasing the risk of fractures.-Leafy Green Vegetables: Rich in Calcium and MagnesiumSpinach, cabbage, and broccoli provide plant-based calcium and magnesium, both essential for bone health. Magnesium plays a crucial role in converting vitamin D into its active form, which helps the body absorb calcium efficiently. Unlike dairy, leafy greens also contain antioxidants that reduce inflammation linked to bone deterioration. Consuming a variety of greens ensures that the body gets the minerals needed to maintain bone structure and density.-Soy-Based Foods: Calcium-Rich Dairy AlternativesTofu, edamame, soy milk, and tempeh are excellent sources of plant-based calcium and protein, making them ideal for those who are lactose intolerant or prefer non-dairy options. Protein is essential for bone repair, and muscle strength is critical in reducing fall-related fractures. Additionally, soy contains isoflavones, plant compounds linked to improving bone mineral density, especially in postmenopausal women.-Foods to Avoid for Osteoporosis PreventionWhile some foods help strengthen bones, others can accelerate bone loss, weaken bone structure, and increase the risk of fractures. Certain dietary habits can interfere with calcium absorption, deplete essential minerals, and promote inflammation, all contributing to osteoporosis progression. Being mindful of the foods that negatively impact bone health can help preserve bone density and reduce fracture risk.-High-Sodium Foods: Calcium Depletion through UrineProcessed foods, fast food, canned soups, and salty snacks contain excess sodium, which forces the body to excrete more calcium through urine. Since calcium is essential for bone strength, excessive sodium intake depletes calcium reserves, weakening bones. A high-sodium diet has been linked to lower bone mineral density, increasing the likelihood of fractures. -Sugary Foods and Sodas: Reduced Calcium Absorption and InflammationRefined sugars in sodas, candy, pastries, and processed snacks negatively impact bone health. High sugar consumption inhibits calcium absorption in the intestines, depriving bones of this critical nutrient. Additionally, sugar promotes chronic inflammation, which is linked to faster bone deterioration. Carbonated sodas, particularly those containing phosphoric acid, can interfere with bone metabolism, leading to a loss of bone density over time.-Stronger Bones for a Healthier LifeOsteoporosis is a silent yet serious condition that often goes unnoticed until a fracture occurs. As bones become weaker and more fragile, everyday movements and minor accidents can lead to significant fractures, affecting mobility and overall quality of life. While osteoporosis primarily affects postmenopausal women and older adults, it can impact anyone, making early prevention and lifestyle adjustments essential.-That’s why a proactive approach to bone health can significantly improve the management and prevention of osteoporosis. Nutrition plays a crucial role, with calcium-rich foods helping to strengthen bones, while excessive sodium, sugar, and caffeine can accelerate bone loss.-Regular Health CheckBlue Care offers Bone Health Risk Screening to assess the risk of osteoporosis, evaluate the health of bones and understand your physical condition. Click here-for check-up plan details.-Remarks:1. Source : Osteoporosisg. (2024) Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis/symptoms-causes/syc-203519682. Source : What is the difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis? (2021) Medical News Today. (2021) https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/osteopenia-vs-osteoporosis3. Source : Osteoporosis. (2025).https://www.elderly.gov.hk/english/health_information/bones_and_joints/osteoporosis.html

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Eye health represents a critical component of overall well-being, yet it often receives attention only when problems arise. Among eye conditions, cataracts significantly impact quality of life, particularly for older adults. In Hong Kong, cataracts affect approximately 7% of seniors, with a concerning trend of younger patients now developing this condition. The prevalence of cataract cases has increased dramatically, with numbers rising from 600,000 in 2020 to a projected 900,000 by 2025, representing a compound annual growth rate of 6.9%. This substantial increase underscores the importance of understanding cataract development, symptoms, and treatment options available in Hong Kong's healthcare system.-What are Cataracts?A cataract is a cloudy or opaque area that develops in the lens of the eye. The lens, positioned behind the iris (the colored part of the eye), plays a key role in focusing light onto the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.-The development of cataracts typically begins around age 40, when proteins within the lens start to break down and clump together. The protein clumps create cloudy areas that gradually expand and thicken over time. As cataracts progress, the lens becomes increasingly opaque and may develop a yellowish or brownish tint, reducing visual clarity and possibly affecting color perception.-Cataract Treatment Options by Stage of SeverityThe approach to cataract treatment depends significantly on the stage and severity of the condition. In the earliest stages, non-surgical interventions can effectively manage symptoms. As cataracts progress, it’s important to know that surgery is the only definitive treatment, as no medication or therapy can reverse the protein clumping in the lens.-Very Early Stage Cataract TreatmentWhen cataracts are in the early stages of development, surgery is not immediately required. During this phase, symptom management like updating prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses can compensate for early visual changes caused by cataracts. Patients can consider anti-glare coatings on eyeglasses to help reduce light scattering and improve contrast, which is particularly beneficial for driving at night.-Moderate Stage Cataract TreatmentWhen cataracts worsen to interfere with daily activities, surgical treatment becomes appropriate. Phacoemulsification represents the standard in modern cataract surgery and is the most commonly performed procedure in Hong Kong.-Phacoemulsification is a minimally invasive procedure that begins with a micro-incision (typically less than 2.8mm) in the cornea. Through this tiny opening, the surgeon inserts an ultrasonic probe that emits high-frequency sound waves to break the clouded lens into smaller fragments, which are then gently suctioned from the eye. After removing the natural lens, the surgeon implants a folded intraocular lens (IOL) through the same small incision, replacing the original lens. Once positioned within the lens capsule, the IOL unfolds to its full size. -There are various IOLs patients can choose from based on their needs and lifestyle:-IOL TypeVision DistanceAstigmatism CorrectionNeed for Glasses?Additional NotesMonofocalOne fixed distance (Near, Intermediate, or Far)NoMay require glasses for presbyopia or astigmatismMost common and affordable optionMonofocal ToricYesMay require glasses for presbyopiaRecommended for patients with astigmatismMultifocalMultiple distances (Near, Intermediate, and Far)NoLess dependent on glasses for presbyopiaPatients may notice halos around lights at nightMultifocal ToricYesLess dependent on glassesBest for patients with astigmatism who want a full range of vision-The entire phacoemulsification procedure typically takes 20-30 minutes per eye, with most patients experiencing minimal discomfort. Recovery involves using prescribed eye drops for several weeks to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. Most patients notice improved vision within days, though complete healing may take 4-6 weeks.-Advanced or Mature Cataract TreatmentsAs cataracts continuously worsen without medical intervention, the protein in the lens becomes dense and hard, making phacoemulsification unsuitable as a treatment option. Manual Small-Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) provides an alternative approach at this stage. This procedure requires a slightly larger incision (5-7mm) in the cornea or sclera than phacoemulsification. Through this opening, the surgeon removes the entire hardened cataract in one piece rather than fragmenting it. As with phacoemulsification, an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted to replace the removed natural lens.-Recovery from MSICS typically takes longer than phacoemulsification due to the larger incision, with patients requiring additional healing time before resuming normal activities. Despite the longer recovery time, MSICS offers excellent outcomes for advanced cataracts that would be challenging to treat with ultrasonic fragmentation.-Costs & Insurance Coverage for Cataract Surgery in HKThe financial aspects of cataract surgery in Hong Kong vary significantly between the public and private healthcare systems. Before surgery, specialized measurements called IOL calculations must be performed to determine the correct power for the artificial lens. These preoperative assessments typically cost between HK$1,000 and 1,500 in private settings. In Hong Kong's private healthcare clinics, the total cost of cataract surgery can range from HK$15,000 to HK$35,000 per eye, depending on the surgeon's experience, facility fees, and the type of intraocular lens selected. Premium options like multifocal or toric IOLs substantially increase costs but may reduce long-term expenses for glasses or contact lenses.-The Hospital Authority offers lower-cost elective cataract surgery, typically costing between HK$800 and HK$1,200 per eye. Opting for treatment with the public healthcare system will come with significant wait times, with about 69,000 elderly persons currently awaiting cataract surgery in the public system. Wait times are now extending up to four years at some facilities across Hong Kong.-Cataract Care in HK: Navigating Treatment OptionsAs cataracts continue to be a growing health concern in Hong Kong, understanding the different treatment options is crucial amongst the general population. While early-stage cataracts can be managed with prescription glasses and lifestyle adjustments, surgery remains the only effective treatment for advanced cases. Phacoemulsification is the standard procedure for most patients, being a highly effective solution, while Manual Small-Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) provides an alternative for severe cases. Understanding cataract treatment options in Hong Kong is essential to empower individuals to make informed decisions for their eye health, ensuring clearer vision and an improved quality of life.-備註:-1. Source : Industry overview. (2022). HKEX. https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2022/0218/10124491/sehk21110901295.pdf2. Source : Causes of Cataracts. (2022). National Eye Institute.https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts/causes-cataracts3. Source : Cataract surgeries. (2024). The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Press Releases. https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202411/20/P2024112000463.htm?fontSize=14. Source : Phacoemulsification. (2022). https://www.hkah.org.hk/storage/media/Brochure/A31990-HKAK%20Phacoemulsification%20Leaflet_02%20Web.pdf

Contact dermatitis is a type of eczema that occurs when the skin reacts to direct contact with certain substances. It manifests as an itchy, red, and inflamed rash triggered by irritants or allergens in everyday items such as soaps, cleaning products, cosmetics, and metals.-From May to September in Hong Kong, the average monthly rainfall totals up to 250mm , leading to highly humid environments. The high humidity and warm temperatures in Hong Kong can worsen contact dermatitis symptoms, making flare-ups more uncomfortable and potentially prolonging recovery. That’s why it’s important to identify triggers early, manage symptoms effectively, and take preventive measures to protect the skin from further irritation.-What is Contact Dermatitis?Contact dermatitis is a type of eczema that occurs when the skin reacts to a substance, leading to inflammation and irritation. These triggering substances can be categorized as irritants or allergens. -Eczema, as a broader term, refers to various conditions that cause dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. Contact dermatitis is unique because it is triggered by external exposure or an internal immune reaction. The severity of the reaction depends on skin sensitivity, duration of exposure, and the strength of the irritant or allergen. One of the key characteristics of contact dermatitis is that it improves when the triggering substance is identified and avoided. While some cases resolve quickly, persistent exposure can lead to chronic irritation, discomfort, and recurrent flare-ups.-The Two Types of Contact Dermatitis-Irritant Contact DermatitisIrritant contact dermatitisis the most common form of contact dermatitis, affecting people who frequently handle harsh chemicals, soaps, or solvents. The condition arises when the outer layer of the skin (epidermis) becomes damaged, leading to dryness, irritation, and inflammation.-A well-known example is housewife’s dermatitis, which develops from repeated hand washing and prolonged exposure to cleaning agents. Alkaline or acidic substances strip away the skin’s natural protective barrier, making it vulnerable to irritation. Even minor cuts or cracks in the skin can worsen symptoms, leading to redness, peeling, and discomfort.-Unlike allergic contact dermatitis, which involves an immune response, irritant dermatitis is caused by direct damage to the skin. The dermatitis reaction may not be immediately seen, as symptoms can develop several days after exposure.-Allergic Contact DermatitisAllergic contact dermatitis involves an immune system reaction rather than relying on the substance's exposure to the skin's outer layer (epidermis). It occurs when the body identifies a substance as harmful and triggers an allergic response. This type of reaction typically affects individuals with a genetic predisposition to allergies.-Common allergens include: ● Metals like nickel and bronze found in jewelry, belt buckles, and watches.● Fragrances and preservatives in skincare products, perfumes, and shampoos.● Hair dye and latex gloves frequently encountered in hairdressing and healthcare professions.●Industrial chemicals found in the construction and dyeing industries.-Unlike irritant contact dermatitis, allergic reactions do not always occur immediately. The body may sensitize over time, meaning repeated exposure increases the risk of developing a skin reaction.-The Symptoms of Contact DermatitisThe main symptom of contact dermatitis is a rash, which can vary in appearance based on the severity of the reaction. Depending on an individual's natural skin tone, the affected area often appears red, purple, or darker than the surrounding skin. The rash may be swollen, raised, or bumpy, with a cluster of tiny blisters in severe cases. -Other symptoms include: ●Oozing fluid or pus, particularly if the rash becomes infected.●Itching and burning, which can be intense and uncomfortable.●Dry, cracked, or peeling skin, especially in cases of prolonged irritation.-It is always advised not to scratch the rash, which can break the skin barrier. Once the skin barrier is destroyed, the risk of infection increases and the healing period is extended. While contact dermatitis symptoms may look severe, the condition is not contagious. This is because everyone is unique in what they are allergic to, and not everyone will react the same way to the allergen. -Where Will I Experience Symptoms of Dermatitis on My Body?The location of the contact dermatitis symptoms depends on where the skin was exposed. The face and neck are common areas, particularly the cheeks, eyelids, and lips, as these areas are frequently in contact with cosmetic products and skincare ingredients. The hands, fingers, and arms are common sites of irritation, as they are the first contact points for cleaning agents, detergents, and chemicals. Individuals in construction, hairdressing, and healthcare professions are especially prone to occupational exposure, so it’s advised for employers to provide adequate protective equipment for employees in the workplace, like gloves and facemasks.-Blue Care provide doctor consultation by a team of highly qualified and experienced family doctors. Click hereto contact Blue Care.-Treatments for Contact DermatitisTreatment for contact dermatitis typically focuses on two main approaches: avoiding the triggering substance and managing symptoms with medication.-Identifying and eliminating exposure to irritants or allergens is the most effective way to prevent flare-ups and allow the skin to heal. This may involve switching to fragrance-free and hypoallergenic skincare products, wearing protective gloves when handling cleaning agents or chemicals, and replacing nickel jewelry with hypoallergenic alternatives. For individuals frequently exposed to irritants at work, using barrier creams can help protect the skin from prolonged exposure to harsh substances.-If symptoms persist or become severe, medical treatments can help reduce itching, inflammation, and discomfort. Over-the-counter anti-itch creams containing hydrocortisone can provide relief, while topical or oral antihistamines can help counter allergic reactions. In more severe cases, corticosteroid creams or oral prednisone may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and speed up healing.-With proper contact dermatitis treatment, symptoms can typically clear up within a few weeks, though the itching may subside before the rash entirely disappears. In mild cases, avoiding the triggering substance can lead to a quick recovery within a few days.-Stronger Skin, Better ProtectionContact dermatitis can be frustrating, especially in Hong Kong’s hot and humid climates. It is a manageable condition that requires understanding the difference between irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. To have control over contact dermatitis, identifying triggers early and making simple adjustments, such as choosing gentler products and protecting the skin from exposure, can significantly reduce symptoms and prevent future outbreaks.-Remarks:1. Source : Climate in Hong Kong. (2024) Climates to Travel. https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/hong-kong#google_vignette2. Source : Contact dermatitis. (2023) NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contact-dermatitis/3. Source : Health Channel Understand Occupational dermatitis. (2021) https://www.oshc.org.hk/oshc_data/files/greencross/2021/%E7%9A%AE%E8%86%9A%E7%82%8E.pdf4. Source : ccupational Disease Case Records - Contact Dermatitis. (2003) https://www.labour.gov.hk/tc/public/oh/Contact_Dermatitis_TC.pdf

Hepatitis is quietly shaping up to be one of Hong Kong’s pressing health issues, affecting many across the city. This viral disease can cause liver inflammation and can also lead to severe, life-threatening complications if left untreated. With types like hepatitis A, B, C, and E, each form carries distinct risks and spreads in different ways, making awareness essential. Statistics show that about 8-10% of the Hong Kong populationare chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus. Chronic hepatitis B is particularly dangerous, contributing to over 70% of liver cancer cases in the region. -What is Hepatitis?Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver tissue, which typically results from a viral infection. This inflammation can damage liver cells and impair liver function, which is crucial in metabolism, detoxification, and immunity. When hepatitis leads to chronic liver inflammation, it can cause scarring (fibrosis) and eventually cirrhosis, where healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue, severely compromising liver function. In severe cases, hepatitis may lead to liver failure or liver cancer.-Hepatitis TypeHepatitis viruses are classified into several types, with hepatitis A, B, C, and E being the most common in Hong Kong. Hepatitis D and hepatitis G are less familiar. Each type of hepatitis virus has different modes of transmission and impacts on health. While hepatitis A and E are generally acute and do not lead to chronic disease, hepatitis B and C are more likely to become chronic, especially if not detected and managed early. -Hepatitis A and Hepatitis EHepatitis A and hepatitis E share similar modes of transmission, primarily spreading through the consumption of contaminated water or food, particularly shellfish. In Hong Kong, hepatitis A and E are less common than hepatitis B, but cases are still reported annually. In 2022, Hong Kong recorded 22 cases of hepatitis A and 57 cases of hepatitis E , a reminder that attention to this virus is still needed.-Both hepatitis A and E typically present as acute infections, causing symptoms like fatigue, nausea, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). Still, they do not lead to chronic liver disease. Most individuals recover fully without special treatment, though those with weakened immune systems or individuals who have had organ transplants might experience more severe effects. While hospitalization is not generally required, those infected are advised to monitor their symptoms and avoid any substances that could strain the liver, such as alcohol.-Prevention of Hepatitis A and EReducing the risk of hepatitis A and E is mainly about good hygiene and food safety. Here are some effective prevention methods:-●Thoroughly Cooked Food: Always ensure food, especially seafood, is cooked thoroughly to eliminate potential pathogens.●Avoid Street Food from Unlicensed Vendors: Stick to reputable food establishments and avoid eating from illegal food vendors or hawkers, where food safety standards may be lower.●Regular Hand Washing: Washing hands with soap and water before handling food or after using the restroom is essential in preventing viral transmission.● Hepatitis A injection : Hepatitis A vaccination is effective to prevent HBV infection. Blue Care provides Hepatitis A vaccination services. Click here-to contact Blue Care.-For individuals at higher risk—such as those with chronic liver disease, healthcare workers, food handlers, or people who travel to regions where hepatitis A is prevalent (Indian subcontinent, Africa, Central and South America) ,—vaccination is recommended. Those who use injected medications or illicit drugs or are men who have sex with men or multiple sexual partners should also consider the hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccination is an effective way to protect against hepatitis A and B, but no vaccine is available for hepatitis C and E, making preventive hygiene measures especially important.-Hepatitis B and Hepatitis CHepatitis B and C are primarily spread through blood and bodily fluids, making them more challenging to prevent than hepatitis A and E.-●Hepatitis B Transmission: Hepatitis B can spread through sexual contact, sharing injection instruments, and from an infected mother to her child during delivery. Additional routes include tattooing, ear piercing, and acupuncture if proper sterilization is not observed. Around 8-10%are chronic carriers of hepatitis B, putting them at a higher risk for developing cirrhosis or liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis B is also commonly asymptomatic, meaning carriers may unknowingly spread the virus to others.-●Hepatitis C Transmission: Hepatitis C is transmitted mainly through blood, such as transfusions or shared needles, and less commonly through sexual contact. In Hong Kong, about 0.5% of the population are chronic carriers of hepatitis C . Unlike hepatitis B, hepatitis C does not have a vaccine, making prevention efforts critical. Both hepatitis B and C can lead to long-term liver damage, and symptoms are often mild or non-existent in the early stages. -Blood test is required to diagnose hepatitis B-The test generally consists of blood tests on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs)-Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)- People with a positive HBsAg result are currently infected with HBV and should seek medical consultation as soon as possible.- If HBsAg result is positive for more than 6 months after HBV infection, this means CHB has developed.-Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs)- A positive anti-HBs result means that the person has adequate hepatitis B antibodies for protection against HBV infection.- Protective antibodies can be acquired after hepatitis B vaccination or recovery from past HBV infection.-Blue Care provides regular check-up and vaccination services. Click here-to know more credit card check up plan details.-What Should You Do if You Have Viral Hepatitis?If you have been diagnosed with viral hepatitis, specific lifestyle changes can help manage the condition and support liver health:●Avoid Alcohol: Alcohol accelerates liver damage, especially for patients who have hepatitis. Abstaining from alcohol allows the liver to focus on healing and limits additional stress on the organ.●Maintain a Balanced Diet: Consuming a well-rounded diet, rich in vitamins and minerals, supports immune function and overall liver health. A diet low in fats and sugars is particularly beneficial.●Quit Smoking: Smoking introduces harmful toxins to the body, which the liver must filter. By quitting, you reduce the liver’s workload and give it a better chance to recover and function effectively.-Staying One Step Ahead of HepatitisHepatitis remains a significant health concern in Hong Kong, with various types posing risks to the community. Understanding the different types of hepatitis, how they spread, and the best prevention strategies is essential to protecting your health. Hepatitis A and E are mainly preventable through good hygiene and mindful food choices, while hepatitis B and C require caution around exposure to blood and bodily fluids. By practicing safe habits and getting vaccinated when appropriate, you can take steps to protect both yourself and those around you from hepatitis.-Remarks:1. Source : Men's Health Line - Viral Hepatitis. (2024). Centre for Health Protection. https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/static/80064.html2. Source : Understanding Hepatitis. (2023). Red Cross. https://www.redcross.org.hk/sites/redcross/files/media/hcs_files/HE%20202307%20%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E%20%20Understanding%20Hepatitis%20ENG.pdf3. Source : Surveillance of Viral Hepatitis in Hong Kong. (2023). Centre for Health Protection. https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/surveillance_of_viral_hepatitis_in_hk_2022_full_report.pdf4. Source : Hepatitis (2022). NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hepatitis/5. Source : Hepatitis A and E Treatment. (2024). John Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/hepatitis/hepatitis-a/hepatitis-a-and-e-treatment

Eczema is a chronic skin condition that causes redness, inflammation, and intense itching. For many in Hong Kong, it’s a daily challenge, with one in five peopleexperiencing eczema at some point. Children are especially vulnerable, with around 30%affected by eczema, according to a study held in 2019. The condition can disrupt everyday life, leading to discomfort, lack of sleep, and even emotional distress.-What is Eczema?Eczema is a group of skin conditions that result in inflammation and irritation. At its core, eczema is linked to a compromised skin barrier, making it less effective at retaining moisture and more susceptible to allergens and irritants. This dysfunction can result in dry, cracked, and itchy skin. There are several types of eczema, but atopic dermatitis is the most common, especially in children and young adults. While eczema isn’t contagious, its symptoms can vary in intensity, often flaring up due to triggers like weather, allergens, surrounding environments, or stress.-The Causes of EczemaEczema is a complex condition influenced by genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. In Hong Kong, the subtropical climate significantly exacerbates eczema symptoms.-Hong Kong’s Weather and ClimateThe climate in Hong Kong, with its sharp contrasts between humid summers and dry winters, significantly affects eczema sufferers. During winter, the air becomes dry, leading to dehydrated skin that can exacerbate eczema. The lack of humidity strips moisture from the skin, making it itchy and prone to cracking. Conversely, excessive sweating in Hong Kong’s sweltering summers can worsen eczema. Sweat can irritate sensitive skin, triggering inflammation and further itching. The heavy rainfall common during the rainy season adds another challenge. High humidity fosters the growth of allergens like mold and dust mites. These allergens can irritate the skin, leading to frequent flare-ups, especially in children with developing skin barriers.-Allergic Reactions to SubstancesEveryday substances can significantly trigger eczema, particularly in urban environments like Hong Kong. With high population density and limited space, homes and workplaces quickly accumulate dust, especially in less-ventilated areas. Dust irritates the skin and carries microscopic particles, such as dust mites and their droppings, which can trigger allergic reactions that worsen eczema symptoms. You should regularly clean indoor environments and use air purifiers.-During cooler months, woolen fabrics may be a staple in wardrobes, but they also pose a challenge for those who have eczema. The coarse fibers of wool can rub against sensitive skin, leading to further irritation and micro-abrasions that weaken the skin barrier. This makes the skin more susceptible to flare-ups.-Foods and DietCertain foods aggravate eczema symptoms, particularly in individuals with underlying sensitivities. Gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, can provoke an inflammatory response in some individuals, especially those with gluten intolerance or sensitivity. This inflammation can manifest as skin irritation for those prone to eczema, leading to flare-ups. The immune system’s reaction to gluten can also cause an overproduction of certain compounds that exacerbate inflammation and make the skin more reactive.-Soy, a staple in many Asian diets, is another common trigger. It contains specific proteins that can act as allergens, particularly for individuals with a predisposition to food allergies.When consumed, soy can stimulate the immune system, causing a cascade of allergic responses that include itching, redness, and eczema flare-ups. Processed soy products often contain additives or preservatives that might further irritate sensitive individuals.-It’s important to note that these foods don’t directly cause eczema but act as triggers in individuals predisposed to it. Consulting a healthcare provider or allergist can also provide insights into whether an elimination diet might help manage symptoms.-Common Areas and Symptoms of Eczema-Common Areas of EczemaFor individuals with atopic dermatitis, eczema often affects flexural areas of the body, such as the neck, inner surfaces of the elbows, and the backs of the knees. Contact dermatitis is localized to areas exposed to external irritants, such as the hands, when exposed to harsh chemicals. Elderly patients often experience age-related dryness, with eczema commonly appearing on the lower legs.-Symptoms of EczemaEczema manifests in various ways, with its appearance and symptoms often differing between acute and chronic stages. A common hallmark of eczema is red, patchy rashes with undefined edges, which can spread across different body parts. The affected areas often feel warm and tender, with visible inflammation signaling the skin’s heightened immune response.-In acute eczema, the condition may escalate to the formation of small, fluid-filled blisters. These blisters are prone to breaking open, especially when scratched, exposing raw, sensitive skin beneath. This creates an ideal environment for bacterial infections. Secondary infections can worsen inflammation, prolong healing, and require medical intervention.-What are the General Care and Treatment Options for Eczema?While eczema cannot be cured, its symptoms can be managed through medical treatment and careful skin care practices.-Treatment for EczemaMedical treatments for eczema aim to reduce inflammation and relieve itching. Topical corticosteroids (applied directly to the skin) are commonly prescribed to control inflammation, while antihistamines can help minimize itching. Moisturizing the skin is essential, and gentle, skin-friendly moisturizers are often recommended.-General CareGood skincare habits are vital for managing eczema. Bathing should be limited to short sessions with lukewarm water, as hot water can strip natural oils from the skin. Using hypoallergenic soaps and shampoos can help minimize irritation.-Pure cotton fabrics are ideal for clothing, as they are breathable and help absorb sweat. Woolen garments, on the other hand, should be avoided, as they can irritate sensitive skin. When doing laundry, use mild detergents and ensure clothes are thoroughly rinsed to remove any residue. Keeping the home environment clean is essential as dust and allergens can worsen eczema, so avoid carpets and fluffy toys, which tend to encourage these irritants. -Managing Eczema with Confidence and CareFor many in Hong Kong, the struggle with eczema reflects environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and individual sensitivities. From the humid summers and dry winters that test the skin's resilience to everyday allergens found in homes, wardrobes, and diets, managing eczema requires a holistic and informed approach.-While it cannot be cured, eczema can be effectively managed through medical treatments and lifestyle adjustments. Small, consistent changes—such as choosing breathable fabrics, keeping the home clean, and maintaining a gentle skincare routine—can significantly reduce flare-ups and improve quality of life. Equally important is seeking professional advice to address specific dietary or environmental triggers and tailor treatments that align with individual needs.-Remarks:1. Source : Eczema (2021) https://www.redcross.org.hk/sites/redcross/files/media/hcs_files/HE-202104%20ENG.pdf2. Source : Measuring the quality of life of the families of children with eczema in Hong Kong (2019) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6676062/3. Source : Eczema (2022) https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9998-eczema4. MFMER (2024). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353279

Obesity is rapidly becoming one of Hong Kong's most pressing health concerns, touching the lives of many across the city. The combination of long working hours, convenient but calorie-dense foods, and inactive lifestyles is fueling this growing issue. Figures from the Centre for Health Protection reveal that 32.6% of Hong Kong residents aged 15 to 84 are classified as obese, with nearly 40% of men and over a quarter of women affected. More than half of the population is either overweight or obese. Beyond individual health, the rising obesity rate places a significant strain on Hong Kong's healthcare system and impacts productivity, signaling an urgent need for greater awareness and action.-What is Obesity, and How is it Classified?-Obesity is commonly measured using the Body Mass Index (BMI), a calculation dividing body weight (in kg) by height squared (in meters). For Chinese adults in Hong Kong, a BMI of 23.0 kg/m² to less than 25.0 kg/m² is classified as overweight, while a BMI of 25.0 kg/m² or higher is classified as obese. This classification helps identify individuals at risk for health conditions associated with excess body fat. As BMI increases, so does the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.-The Effects of Obesity on the Body-Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic DiseasesObesity significantly increases the risk of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that elevate the likelihood of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Excess fat around the abdomen can disrupt normal metabolic processes, leading to insulin resistance and inflammation.-Respiratory IssuesExcess weight often exacerbates respiratory problems and leads to issues like sleep apnea. Sleep apnea disrupts breathing during sleep, causing fatigue, poor concentration, and an increased risk of cardiovascular problems. Asthma is also more common in obese individuals due to increased inflammation and pressure on the lungs.-Musculoskeletal ProblemsCarrying extra weight places considerable strain on the joints and spine, leading to chronic pain, arthritis, and reduced mobility over time. Back pain and gout are frequently reported by obese individuals, as the additional weight increases pressure on bones and joints.-What Causes Obesity?-Poor Eating HabitsExcessive consumption of high-calorie foods and drinks is a major contributor to obesity in Hong Kong. Known for its flavorful and convenient cuisine, Hong Kong’s food culture plays a significant role in the rising obesity rates. One prime example is Hong Kong-style milk tea, a beloved staple consumed in 2.5 million cups daily. Each 250 ml cup contains around 113 kcal, contributing to daily caloric surpluses. Other high-calorie favorites include ultra-processed foods like cakes and ready-to-eat meals. Additionally, sugary drinks, ice cream, and processed meats are prevalent in local diets, exacerbating the obesity problem. Consistently consuming more calories than the body can burn results in fat accumulation. -Sedentary LifestylesAbout a quarter of the Hong Kong population is performing insufficient levels of physical activity. Long working hours are also common, with over half of employees in Hong Kong working at least 45 hours per week and some exceeding 70 hours. After long days, rest often prioritises physical activity, reinforcing inactivity. Combined with calorie-dense diets, this leads to energy imbalance, where surplus energy is stored as fat. The cycle of inactivity and weight gain increases the risk of obesity-related health issues.-Obesity Prevention and Dietary Advice-Food ConsumptionPreventing obesity begins with mindful, healthier eating habits. Start by focusing on how food is prepared. Steaming, baking, stewing, or boiling meals instead of deep-frying can significantly reduce unnecessary calories. Sauces should also be chosen carefully. Lighter options are preferable over heavy choices like white sauce, or rich curries. Choose water over sugary drinks and alcohol. Even fruit juices, once heralded as healthy, have been found to contain high amounts of sugar.- Portion control is also important. Choose lean proteins such as pork, tofu, eggs, or fish in amounts no larger than three pieces of mahjong or the size of your palm to help manage caloric intake. Pairing meals with generous servings of vegetables, ideally, at least half a bowl of cooked greens, adds fiber that promotes fullness and prevents overeating. Finally, practice eating until you feel about 80% full, allowing your body time to signal satiety and prevent overeating. This habit can reduce calorie intake, improve digestion, and support long-term weight management.-ExercisingPhysical activity is also essential for preventing obesity and maintaining overall health. Try to incorporate at least 30 minutes of exercise into your daily routine, which can help manage weight and lower the risk of chronic diseases. Adding muscle-strengthening exercises twice a week enhances metabolism and improves muscle tone, contributing to better long-term fitness. - Throughout your daily routine, you may opt for small, consistent changes, like choosing the stairs over the elevator or getting off one to two stops earlier to walk the remaining part of your commute. All these actions can contribute significantly to a physical routine where you can reap the benefits of supporting lasting health improvements and eliminating sedentary habits.-Regular CheckBlue Care has collaborated with HKU SPACE Dietetic Clinic to offer Nutrition Check-up plan with nutritionist consultation services to help you understand your physical condition. Click here-for more details.-Breaking the Cycle: Sustainable Solutions for ObesityFrom sedentary lifestyles to daily eating habits, obesity is a tricky issue to tackle. It starts with every one of us making lifestyle changes. Mindful eating and incorporating regular physical activity into daily life come to the forefront when beginning to solve obesity. Through healthier cooking methods, portion control, or staying active, individuals can break the cycle of weight gain and reduce their risk of obesity-related health issues. Small, sustainable changes, like taking the stairs or eating until 80% full, can also have a lasting impact. Slowly tackling obesity alleviates strain on the healthcare system and contributes to a more productive, vibrant society.-Remarks:1. Source : Obesity. (2023). Centre for Health Protection. https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/healthtopics/content/25/8802.html 2. Source :Over half of HK population is overweight or obese. (2024). The Standard. https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/214002/Over-half-of-HK-population-is-overweight-or-obesel 3. Source : How overworked are Hongkongers?...union survey. (2023). SCMP.https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/society/article/3224456/how-overworked-are-hongkongers-more-half-employees-log-minimum-45-hour-weeks-some-longer-70-hours4. Source : Understanding Obesity. (2024). HKASO. https://www.hkaso.org/p/413695. Source : Obesity. (2024). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11209-weight-control-and-obesity

Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a painful condition caused by the reactivation of the chickenpox virus. While it can affect anyone who’s previously had chickenpox, shingles predominantly strike older adults and individuals with weakened immune systems. In Hong Kong, where the population is ageing and healthcare systems are already stretched, the importance of vaccines like Shingrix cannot be overstated. According to a Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics study, an estimated 2 in 7 will experience shingles, 1 in 20 will develop shingles-related nerve pain, and 1 in 100 will experience shingles around the eye.-What is Herpes Zoster (Shingles)?Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. After chickenpox, the virus lies dormant in nerve tissues and can reactivate later in life, mainly due to aging or weakened immunity.-Shingles often begin with tingling, itching, or burning sensations on one side of the body or face, followed by a painful rash in a band-like pattern. The rash evolves into fluid-filled blisters that eventually burst and scab over. Common accompanying symptoms include fever, headaches, and fatigue. If the rash affects the face or eyes, it can lead to vision problems or blindness.-A serious complication of shingles is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), where severe nerve pain persists after the rash heals, sometimes for months or years. This long-lasting pain is more common in older adults. Other complications may include bacterial infections at the rash site or, in rare cases, neurological issues.-The Risk of ShinglesOur immune systems naturally weaken as we age, making adults over 50 more vulnerable to developing shingles. This vulnerability is heightened for individuals with certain health conditions that compromise the immune system, such as leukemia, lymphoma, or HIV. Additionally, those who have undergone treatments like chemotherapy or organ transplants are at greater risk due to the impact these procedures have on immune function.-With a weakened immune system, the risk of contracting shingles increases, as does the likelihood of experiencing severe complications. These complications can include long-lasting nerve pain known as postherpetic neuralgia or even vision loss if shingles affect the area around the eyes.-Spreading of ShinglesAlthough shingles cannot be passed from one person to another, the varicella-zoster virus can be spread from someone with shingles to another person who has never had chickenpox or hasn’t been vaccinated against it. This can result in that person developing not shingles but chickenpox. It's important to remember that shingles are most contagious when the rash is blistering, but the risk of spreading the virus diminishes once the rash has scabbed over.-What to Do to Protect Others if You Have ShinglesIf you are diagnosed with shingles, there are steps you can take to avoid spreading the virus to others. Covering the rash is crucial to prevent the spread of the virus, and it’s essential to avoid touching or scratching the rash. Regular hand washing for at least 20 seconds can also help reduce the spread of the virus. It’s also best to avoid contact with particular groups, including pregnant individuals who have never had chickenpox, premature infants, and those with weakened immune systems.-Prevention of Shingles with the Shingrix VaccineThe Shingrix vaccine is currently the most effective way to prevent shingles and its complications. Approved by the FDA, Shingrix is specifically designed for adults aged 50 and older and those with weakened immune systems. It’s important to note that while Shingrix protects against shingles (herpes zoster), it does not prevent chickenpox.-The Shingrix vaccine is administered in two doses, spaced between 2 and 6 months apart. Clinical trials have shown that it is more than 90% effective at preventing shingles in older adults. This high efficacy makes Shingrix the preferred choice over the older Zostavax vaccine.-Blue Care is providing Shingrix vaccine services. The aged 18 years or above at increased risk of herpes zoster and aged 50 or over to get vaccinated at their own cost to reduce the activation of shingles and the complications that come with the condition. For discount offer, you may click here-to review more details.-Are There Any Side Effects of the Shingrix Vaccine?As with any vaccine, the shingles vaccine may cause side effects. The most common side effects include headaches and soreness at the injection site. Pain, swelling, and itching where the shot was administered are typical reactions. The injection area may appear red for individuals with white skin, while this redness might be harder to detect on darker skin tones. Additionally, some people may experience fatigue, muscle pain, or mild fever after receiving the vaccine. These side effects are generally short-lived and resolve within a few days.-While serious side effects are rare, you must consult a healthcare provider if you have certain medical conditions or concerns. Individuals who have a history of severe allergic reactions to any component of the vaccine should avoid Shingrix. Those who are immunocompromised due to conditions like HIV, cancer treatments, or autoimmune disorders should also speak to their doctor. Their immune systems may respond differently to the vaccine or require special monitoring.-People with active shingles should wait until the illness has resolved before receiving the vaccine. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should discuss the timing of vaccination with their healthcare provider to ensure it’s appropriate for their situation.-Managing Shingles: The Importance of Awareness and PreventionShingles can be painful and debilitating, particularly for older adults and those with weakened immune systems. While its symptoms can be managed, the best strategy is prevention, especially considering long-term complications such as postherpetic neuralgia and vision loss.-With Hong Kong's aging population and the strain on healthcare systems, the importance of reducing the public health burden of shingles through vaccination is clear. Taking preventive steps, such as getting vaccinated with Shingrix, is a proactive way to protect yourself and others, particularly those most vulnerable to the spread of the virus.-Remarks:1. Source：National Library of Medicine (2023) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10026898/2. Source：GlaxoSmithKline plc(2024) https://shingrixhcp.com/3. Source：Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) https://www.cdc.gov/shingles/about/index.html